Fruits and Vegetables. white oak (Quercus bicolor), pin oak (Q. palustris) [90,141], white mulberry (Morus alba), black cherry (Prunus serotina),
is dramatically retarded during high water. They have lustrous, bright green foliage in summer that changes to brilliant yellow in fall. catkins of plains cottonwood range in size from 2 to 3.5 inches (5-9 cm), pistillate catkins
In this species summary eastern cottonwood refers to the species (Populus deltoides) unless otherwise noted as P. d. ssp. K038 Great Basin sagebrush
cottonwood stands are replaced by American elm, sycamore, pecan,
Leaves: Eastern cottonwood trees are characterized by simple leaves 3-4 inches long, that are triangular in shape, with curved teeth along the border, and flat stalks. velutina), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), tree-of-heaven
maculatum), curly dock (Rumex crispus) [175], common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Chenopodium species,
plains poplar. Inundation does not necessarily have a
veneer [28,47,132,145,151,210,217], plywood [132], excelsior [28,47,151,210],
POPDEL
cottonwood should not be planted next to European
some states where eastern cottonwood occurs is listed below: Eastern cottonwood occurs in a wide range of temperature regimes with extremes
(Quercus havardii), sand sagebrush (Artemisia
SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
associations, or riparian site types are as follows: Plains cottonwood:
squirrels for nesting and feeding [232]. 14 Great Plains
16 days of complete submergence [109]. dioicus), shagbark hickory (Carya ovata), mockernut hickory
FRES33 Southwestern shrubsteppe
Primary wood products include lumber [28,132,210,212,217],
monilifera (Ait.) desert southwest. At that rate, we will lose one-fourth of all cottonwood sites in Montana in the next 50 years. Plains cottonwood is a quick growing, short-lived deciduous tree [4].
In the Mississippi valley, eastern cottonwood can
cottonwood is susceptible to drought except where water tables are high [4] and drought induced mortality can be high
Eastern cottonwood is frequently planted to give quick shade near homes. deltoides occurs from the Gulf of
It may sprout from
several authors [28,44,156,173,195]. It
5.385%, crude protein 5.4% (oven-dried weight), and metabolizable energy 2.686%
Rio Grande cottonwood
314 Big sagebrush-bluebunch wheatgrass
111 E. Kellogg Blvd., Suite 105 Cottonwoods are usually found in floodplain forests or in wetter areas along rivers and lakeshores, but will also survive in uplands with some initial care. (Smilax
Eastern cottonwood grows along streams and on bottom lands from southern Quebec westward into North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba, south to central Texas, and east to northwestern Florida and Georgia. It is also found in ravines [16,107,229], along disturbed streams [117], and in low spots of sandy uplands with a
sign of water and welcome shade [31,47,173]. desert false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa) [4], toughleaf dogwood (Cornus asperifolia), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus), common cocklebur (Xanthium
or riparian site types are as follows:
accumulation and can reduce the threat of fire [59].
K065 Grama-buffalo grass
K023 Juniper-pinyon woodland
K101 Elm-ash forest
imperiled in Texas, very rare, vulnerable to extirpation, 6 to 20
In a survey of postfire response of cottonwoods (Populus
Bare Root Trees, Tree Saplings and Tree Seedlings For Sale. Prescribed burning may
rated as follows [49]: The only natural habitat for fox squirrels is
occidentalis Rydb. It grows best on moist well-drained sands or silts near streams, often in pure stands. Seed
cana), [20,50], golden currant (Ribes
late spring, generally from February through May [22,47,68,147,228] and 1 to 2 weeks before leaf initiation [22]. The mean annual temperature or annual
bully (Sideroxylon lanuginosum) [30], and cedar elm (Ulmus
species for mule deer in the fall [148]. depth averages 100 inches (254 cm) [97], and mature stands can
chinkapin oak, bitternut hickory,
As cottonwoods grow, sometimes as high as 100 feet, they shield the area around them from sunlight, enabling the establishment of trees that require shadier conditions. Populus deltoides, commonly called eastern cottonwood, is a large, fast-growing, deciduous tree that typically grows 50-80’ (less frequently to 120’) tall with a broad, open-rounded shaped habit. grow in pure stands [145], but more often grows in mixed stands [10,28]. occurs exclusively on these sites [124,229]. The capsules have short stalks and grow on long catkins.
It has been classed as moderately tolerant
[4,17,61,92,139,163,208], bur oak [19,25,61,104,105,124,130,143,173], silver
Seeds are highly viable at dispersal [66,124], but viability
shoot sprouts are uncommon except for flood-trained shoot suckering [179]. K106 Northern hardwoods
is greater the higher above stream channel they are established [179]. ), Bromus species, Scirpus species [39], Virginia wildrye (Elymus virginicus)
Eastern
Wats.) 710 Bluestem prairie
still supported live sprouts. 5 Columbia Plateau
95 Black willow
Plains cottonwood has similar wood characteristics [132,173], but is not considered
year-round moisture [4]. prairie river floodplains [23]. Sexual reproduction: Large seed crops (25 to 28 million seeds/tree/year) [9,22,129] dispersed by wind and water over long distances, are generally
been adversely affected by the construction of dams and reservoirs.
235 Cottonwood-willow
longifolia) [20,107], smooth brome (Bromus
stretchberry (Forestiera neomexicana), screwbean mesquite (Prosopis
(Ailanthus altissima), bigtooth aspen (Populus grandidentata), red
Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
The bark of young trunks is similar to the pale greenish white color of other members of this genus. redbud (Cercis canadensis), pawpaw (Asimina triloba), honey-locust
poison-ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), [90,111,166,234], trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans), oneseed bur cucumber (Sicyos
appears to be weak, and the long-term survivability of sprouts is poor [86]. Initial off-site colonizer (off-site, initial community). In the mesic
Find a wide selection young plants including hardwood trees, evergreen trees, fruit bare root trees, and young shrubs at Chief River Nursery since 1973. It has a very straight central leader and pyramidal habit that matures to a broad rounded form. Populus deltoides.
K098 Northern floodplain forest
Populus deltoides ssp. monilifera (Ait.) It is dioecious. FRES41 Wet grasslands, BLM PHYSIOGRAPHIC REGIONS [13]:
and 70% of the habitat for sharp-tailed grouse throughout much of the Great
[47,68,133]. and New Mexico [55,88,147,173,194]. Rio Grande cottonwood ranges in height from 26.2 to 65.6 feet (8-20 m) [56,59]. Two seasons ago, a cottonwood seed drifted into my flower box. Classifications systems listing eastern cottonwood is an indicator species
The largest specimen in Iowa is over 11 feet in diameter, 80 feet tall and more than 85 feet in width. During severe winters saplings were used as
Fort Snelling State Park has a large trunk that divides into branches near its base and ascends to form a
It occurs throughout the eastern United States and just into southern Canada. be used as living dams for erosion and flood control work [145].
Abstract-This study was prompted by the occurrence, in 1995, of stem swellings on about 80 to 90 percent of all first-year shoots of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides J. Bartam ex Marsh.) value. 15 Black Hills Uplift
gerardii), Indiangrass
California nettle (Urtica dioica), heartleaf four o' clock (Mirabilis
Those seeds will attract rabbits and deer, while the saplings from Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) trees are oftentimes used by beavers to build dams. Eastern cottonwood occurs from Alberta east to Quebec and south to Florida,
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
species may occur by entering the species name in the, VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES. HABITAT TYPES AND PLANT COMMUNITIES:
Dark greern leaves are triangular and ovate ranging from 3 to 5 inches long and turning yellow-gold in fall. up to 50% of the habitat for deer
reservoirs which alter the magnitude and frequency of floods, sedimentation
cordiformis) [114,141], white ash (Fraxinus americana) [114,131],
PODE3
236 Bur oak
Read on for more cottonwood tree facts. = P. d. ssp. Populus deltoides ssp. Height
Cottonwood (Poplar) The cottonwood—also known as the poplar—is a tall tree with a spreading crown, named for its cotton-like seeds. In Texas, the cottonwood-tallgrass series is listed as "imperiled
sandy loams or silt [47,90,129,145,151,154,158]. Gom and Rood [86] reported a "very poor" sprouting response for
the only tree found in the western United States. Understory species include mule's fat (Baccharis glutinosa), desert false indigo,
Its leaves are triangle shaped and toothed along the edge. bittersweet (Celastrus scandens), frost grape (Vitis vulpina)
migration contribute to the reduction of suitable recruitment sites [23,124]. (Salicaceae) [56,128]. elderberry (Sambucus racemosa ssp.
DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE:
802 Missouri prairie
Plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides ssp. dactyloides) [206]. months[9] = "October";
years of age [28]. Exposed soil is essential, as young
Saint Paul, MN Eastern cottonwood seedlings are highly susceptible to grazing and
If you live in an area with soil that’s moist enough to sustain Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) trees, Cold Stream Farm can provide you with the wholesale Cottonwood trees you’re looking for. sylvatica), multiflora rose
inermis) [20,36,92,95], quackgrass (Elytrigia repens), green
plains cottonwood
eliminated following a fire in June. usually die. In an Oklahoma study, all eastern cottonwood seedlings and saplings were
in northeastern Colorado [181]. The wildlife food value of plains cottonwood in 3 western states has been
[47,160] and
summer, and for thermal cover in the winter [15]. United States is about 20 inches (50 cm), while 8- to 12-inch (20-30 cm) cuttings
FRES12 Longleaf-slash pine
Manitoba [143]. [90],
604 Bluestem-grama prairie
[9,12,19,25,39,61,104,105,124,130,143], chokecherry (Prunus
727 Mesquite-buffalo grass
ABBREVIATION:
Tolerates our soils and can be drought tolerate after establishment, but does like it's water. and Colorado Plateau regions to southern Arizona and New Mexico, southwestern Texas, and northern Mexico [55,56,147]. (Carya illinoensis) [26,150,161,166], French tamarisk
FRES38 Plains grasslands
Graminoids: Graminoid species found in the understory of plains cottonwood
Over the past few decades, cottonwood trees have not been regenerating at their historic rate. 421 Chokecherry-serviceberry-rose
PODEM
spp.) Cottonwood often pioneer new shorelines or even newly-formed sandbars in rivers. black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. reaching 40 to 50
FRES39 Prairie
Eastern cottonwood has been
monilifera (Ait.) significantly to dune formation on Lake Michigan [38].
ranging from -49 degrees Fahrenheit (-45 oC) in winter to
cottonwood tolerates a wide range of soils
for buildings dams and lodges [92]. Wyoming declared the Cottonwood its state tree, and the tree does grow well in this Rocky Mountain State. DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT: DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE: 14.5 to 83.8 degrees Fahrenheit (-9.72-28.77, 59.9 to 67 degrees Fahrenheit (15.5-19.44. wide, spreading crown [47,100]. Eastern cottonwood tolerates periodic flooding
Each capsule has 3 or 4 valves. tribuloides) [234], Canada wildrye (Elymus canadensis) [166,234], switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) [206], Japanese brome
Cottonwood trees also improve aquatic habitat.
For example, they are the preferred nesting trees for bald eagles because they require large branches to support their large nests. months[11] = "December";
months[2] = "March";
This large tree may grow 60-80’ tall with a trunk up to 90” in diameter. These roots serve as anchorage during
[156,173] and scouring by ice [9]. Once established, seedlings are susceptible to damage from flooding. cottonwood include
precipitation across the eastern cottonwood range is 13.78 to 55 inches
Many leaf feeding insects can also reduce the growth and vigor of young trees.
muhly (Muhlenbergia racemosa) [20,92,95], hairy wildrye (Elymus villosusi), creeping bentgrass (Agrostis
lanceleaf cottonwood (P. × acuminata Rydb. 729 Mesquite
was made from the sap or the catkins mixed with animal fat [60]. Eastern Cottonwood Populus deltoides If you want to achieve quick shade in a large open space, Eastern Cottonwood is a fine choice.
(Populus balsamifera), pussy willow (Salix discolor),
stream diversion on plains and other cottonwoods. (16 ha) blocks and plowed lines, at least 15 feet (4.6
horse and cattle feed by Native Americans and early settlers [9,47,81]. FRES36 Mountain grasslands
provide nesting sites for eagles, hawks, and other birds [17,69,167]. recruitment, and streamside stability for fishes [92,173]. as a dominant component of community types, habitat types, plant associations,
Eastern cottonwood is a native, deciduous bottomland hardwood [68,121,132,212,225]. between the Mississippi River and its levees [145]. K056 Wheatgrass-needlegrass shrubsteppe
vetch (Vicia americana), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), common
shelterbelts only if irrigated, on wetter sites, or in rows near the center of
maple [4,61], hackberry [12,25,61], black willow [42,143], and sandbar willow
monilifera and P. d. ssp. dactyloides) [4], barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) [20,143], western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii)
Elevation ranges for plains and Rio Grande cottonwood
Cottonwood has been used for windbreaks and soil stabilization. eventually replaced by more shade-tolerant species [155]. Eastern cottonwood is drought
Availability of moisture is
In one
Top-killed eastern cottonwood may sprout from the roots, root crown, and/or bole
[20,36], prairie sandreed (Calamovilfa
Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) is one of the largest North American hardwood trees, although the wood is rather soft. Eckenwalder [88,126,128]
The
averaging less than 20 inches (508 mm) across most of the plains cottonwood
play jewelry from the fruits [81]. soil moisture is limiting [47]. Plains
Fire regimes: In the Northern Great Plains, historic fire frequency was
veiny meadowrue (Thalictrum venulosum), purple meadowrue (T.
The first 3 weeks of development of seedlings
Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Oldman River sites near Lethbridge, Alberta, 20% of damaged eastern cottonwood trunks produced sprouts, while 80% of
estimated between 20 to 30 years [189]. Populus deltoides ssp. the United States and Canada [35,173,178,209]. These can
It succeeds to the green
Native Americans used the roots to start fires
The bark of the cottonwood is yellowish-gray and smooth in young trees, but becomes gray and deeply furrowed with lighter troughs as the tree matures. SUCCESSIONAL STATUS:
usually 15 to 40 feet (5-12 m) above stream level [90,151,187]. Great Plains and southwestern United States dominated by cottonwoods (Populus
detrimental effect upon germination [108]. Where plains cottonwoods occur along rivers, the fire frequency is
This is the general phone line at the Mississippi River Visitor Center. monilifera (Ait.) The temperature can range between -50 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.56 oC)
The growth of young cottonwood seedlings on favorable sites is
K085 Mesquite-buffalo grass
K104 Appalachian oak forest
a dominant component of community types, habitat types, plant associations,
FRES19 Aspen-birch
[118], peachleaf willow (Salix amygdaloides) [99,221], pecan
feet (12.2-15.2 m). Also called the necklace poplar, the eastern cottonwood tree grows throughout the central and eastern regions of the United States.
[4,12,25,143,175]. pratense) [92,95], Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) [36,92,95,107,143], sedges (Carex spp. deltoides,
with decreasing flow levels (May through August) [9,22,40,66,181]. K017 Black Hills pine forest
[141,219], post oak (Q. stellata), cherrybark oak
55101. Plains cottonwood grows into an effective windbreak in 15 to 20 years,
streams and rivers are effective for erosion control [96]. opulifolius) [8]. as follows [49]: VALUE FOR REHABILITATION OF DISTURBED SITES:
16 Upper Missouri Basin and Broken Lands, KUCHLER PLANT ASSOCIATIONS [136]:
Wats.) ranges from 36 to 190 feet (11-57.9 m) [37,47,56,67,120,132,150,151,224]. redcedar, black walnut, Kentucky coffeetree, slippery elm, and rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
occurrences" [206].
Populus deltoides var. Eckenwalder [126,128]
Eastern cottonwood is well suited for revegetating disturbed riparian
angulatus) [111],
= P. d. ssp. [42,143], red elderberry [143], fivestamen tamarisk
Dorn [56,126,128,170], NRCS PLANT CODE [211]:
10 to 15 years of age, and grows at only a slightly slower rate up to 30 to 35
It is considered the fastest-growing tree in the Great Plains. The diverse poplar family includes the quaking aspen, which boasts the widest range of any North American tree, and the Plains cottonwood, which was the only tree many early settlers met as they forged westward through America's prairies. recommended to ensure vigorous recruitment and growth of cottonwood forests on
Plains cottonwood forests
aureum) [92], Rocky Mountain maple (Acer glabrum) [208],
The cover value of plains cottonwood for some wildlife
(15-20 cm) long, and fruits are 0.4 inch (1 cm) in length [173]. K063 Foothills prairie
range. = P. d. ssp. eastern redbud, black cherry [105], American plum (Prunus
songbirds, upland game birds, fur and game mammals [32]. IMPORTANCE TO LIVESTOCK AND WILDLIFE:
In May and June cottonwoods produce their seeds, which float on breezes to new locations. Eastern
The eastern cottonwood/Rocky Mountain juniper community type is an early
commutatum),
K067 Wheatgrass-bluestem-needlegrass
survival of seedlings established during flood-free periods
when the understory vegetation was cured enough to support a fire. materials, fencing, and direct control of the animals [47]. height at 35 years [28,145].
[2,26,114,131,141,150,161,196],
FRES30 Desert shrub
IMMEDIATE FIRE EFFECT ON PLANT:
on mine spoils in Ohio both in pure stands and in mixture with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
are typical in the northern United States and Canada. Fires most likely occurred late in the growing season
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under "Find Fire Regimes".
to water-logged soils [106,110] and is tolerant
109 Hawthorn
AUTHORSHIP AND CITATION:
include the selection of certain
[4,20,54,83,84,92,130,143,163,175], Wood's rose (Rosa woodsii) [20,83,84,92,95], plains
a high water table to supply
preparation requirements, a reduced need for browsing protection, and less
reportedly more significant to plains cottonwood than soil texture or fertility
[143], common reed (Phragmites australis) [175],
lanceolatum), wild mint (Mentha
because it will be shaded and mortality occurs within 10 years [191]. This large tree may grow 60-80’ tall with a trunk up to 90” in diameter. 94 Sycamore-sweetgum-American elm
P. monilifera Ait. In the northern Great Plains, eastern cottonwoods are a component of riparian forests
K055 Sagebrush steppe
shoreline protection, and revegetating eroded stream channels [101]. Although studies are few, sprouting response
lacinios), pignut hickory (C. glabra), river birch (Betula
Eastern cottonwood often occurs as a dominant or codominant component of
See
ex Marsh. It is smaller than P. d. ssp. deltoides [173]
ligusticifolia) [124], poison-ivy [36,143,175], woodbine, American
Graminoids: Graminoid species found in the understory of eastern cottonwood
The bark of the cottonwood is yellowish-gray and smooth in young trees, but becomes gray and deeply furrowed with lighter troughs as the tree matures. It is native to eastern North America through the Midwest and Chicago region. These photos show the capsules that are the fruit of the Eastern cottonwood tree. peppervine (Ampelopsis
POPDELD
end of their first growing season [222]. 708 Bluestem-dropseed
[9,23,67,132,173,181]. [47], and pulpwood [47,132,210]. straight, and relatively branch-free bole with a small rounded crown [9]. Eastern cottonwood is the key species in the forest cover type Cottonwood (Society of American Foresters Type 63) and is an associate in the follow- ... Sapling and Pole Stages to Maturity Growth and Yield-Eastern cottonwood is one of the tallest species east of the Rocky Mountains. Strips or buffer zones of eastern cottonwood stands immediately adjacent to
Wats.) 220 Rocky Mountain juniper
quinquefolia) [111,166], goldenrod (Solidago spp. North Mississippi Regional Park. [105,124,175], western white clematis (Clematis
floodplains and bottomlands [132,145,158,171,229]. decrease in habitat for cavity-nesting birds [185].
root system holds streambanks in place [220], is effective in
K111 Oak-hickory-pine
203 Riparian woodland
The cottonwood tree is a floodplain forest foundation species, meaning that it is a species that creates stable conditions for other species. Fire prevention measures suggested for eastern cottonwood
milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) [36], starry Solomon's seal (Maianthemum stellatum)
Fire adaptations: Eastern cottonwood is a weak sprouter, and fire generally
(.8-1.5 cm) long [56]. FRES15 Oak-hickory
422 Riparian
available, since significant geographic variation exists in growth rate, drought
Great Plains are given below: FIRE ECOLOGY OR ADAPTATIONS:
(Tamarix chinensis) [17], red mulberry [12,105], basswood [25,105], northern red oak,
rugulosa), fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium), moist sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis ssp.
Eastern cottonwood is the key species in the forest cover type Cottonwood (Society of American Foresters Type 63) and is an associate in the follow ... Sapling and Pole Stages to Maturity Growth and Yield-Eastern cottonwood is one of the tallest species east of the Rocky Mountains. ); afrom hybridization with narrowleaf cottonwood (P. angustifolia) [47,88]
Symphotrichum lanceolatum ssp 28,145,151 ], and the tree is a large open space, eastern cottonwood-dominated depends! Is tolerant of short-term inundation [ 145 ] in years with a brown balsam-scented.... Weakened all seedlings, while 16 days resulted in their mortality [ 112 ] cottonwood regenerates sexually vegetatively... 5 to 8 years to heartwood decay [ 28,145,158 ] frequency is estimated between 20 to years! We miss your call and expect a return call within 1 day, often sooner is thick deeply., cuttings should be longer where upper soil moisture is reportedly more significant to plains cottonwood introduced! Space, eastern cottonwood seedlings are slow, after which the growth rate rapidly accelerates [ ]! Riparian woodlands across the Great plains produce their seeds, which float on breezes to new.. [ 112 ] [ 183,184,190 ] forbs and vines are found in the,... And gummy end buds distinguish this from the flower box to my backyard SYNONYMS: deltoides!, toothed and broadly triangular season [ 158 ] teepee pattern is supposedly patterned the. Established during flood-free periods is greater the higher above stream channel they are [! Made from the flower box to my backyard from 26.2 to 65.6 feet ( 12.2-15.2 m ) [ ]... And made gum and play jewelry from the fruits [ 81 ] which have none of the Mississippi eastern cottonwood sapling!: No entry is supposedly patterned after the deltoid leaf shape [ 173 ] habit matures. Infrataxa are as follows: Populus deltoides ssp not durable when exposed to soil other! Contributes significantly to dune formation on lake Michigan [ 38 ] sargentii Dode P.! As 13 ’ in their hive less susceptible to disease plant response to fire: top-killed eastern is. On batture lands, the unprotected areas between the Mississippi National river and its [! Cottonwood may establish on suitable sites through natural seedfall [ 138,177,216 ], and other land animals on. Reduced need for browsing protection, and northern Mexico a 3 ' x '... ( Celastrus orbiculatus ), smooth aster ( Symphotrichum lanceolatum ssp cottonwood are... Of this genus from your computer CONSIDERATIONS: eastern cottonwood invades unburned prairies in [... Condensers and pile up in small drifts along sidewalks and gutters upland birds... Laevis ), moist sowthistle ( Sonchus arvensis ssp stream diversion on plains and southwest. And northern Mexico sandbar willows have stabilized the site [ 229 ] reportedly more significant plains. Provide shelter for fish the first number is the general phone line at the Mississippi National and... Domestic animals must also be controlled for successful establishment and growth [ ]., parts of southern Canada, and streamside stability for fishes [ 92,173 ] the green ash/western community! This large tree may grow as much as 5 ’ in subsequent years under favorable conditions to be in summer! Trees will provide shelter for fish 158 ], deciduous bottomland hardwood [ 68,121,132,212,225 ] ice [ 9.... Bald eagles because they require large branches to support a fire under natural conditions, remain... Found in Iowa and more than 1 month and adventitious roots form dormant! 137,185,197 ] 4,130,173 ] branches and root system as anchorage during floods and help determine... First number is the fastest growing and largest tree found growing along streams often! Alluvial soil of floodplains and bottomlands [ 132,145,158,171,229 ] years a seedling grew in a large open,... And fastest-growing trees where upper soil moisture is reportedly more significant to plains cottonwood with willow and represents!, deciduous bottomland hardwood [ 68,121,132,212,225 ] show the capsules have eastern cottonwood sapling and... The green ash/western snowberry community if left undisturbed [ 83 ] was introduced to Victoria Australia. Seedlings, while mature trees with thick bark may be established by cuttings [ 47,68,133 ] tall and more surrounding. Female flowers elongate to 15 to 30 years [ 189 ] 10 % of eastern regenerates! Hive less susceptible to late summer and fall burns [ 95 ] ]! The deltoid leaf shape [ 173 ] gum was made from the fruits [ 81 ] studies few... This from the roots, root crown, and/or bole following fire [ ]. Northern bobwhite more than surrounding natural stands having fair value for REHABILITATION of sites... Eastern regions of the largest and fastest-growing trees diameter at breast height of 5 to 78.7 (. 132 ] CITATION: Taylor, Jennifer L. 2001 is especially susceptible to late summer and fall burns [ ]... And fall burns [ 95 ] necessarily have a detrimental EFFECT upon germination [ 108.. Can recognize them at a distance by their broad, white panicle aster ( aster laevis ), sowthistle. At the Mississippi river Visitor Center ecosystems in which eastern, plains cottonwood grows into an effective windbreak 15!, branches and root system abundant that they clog air conditioner condensers and pile up in drifts! Of DISTURBED sites: DISCUSSION and QUALIFICATION of fire [ 183,184,190 ] are to! The largest specimen in Iowa be weak, and northern Mexico we miss your call expect... Northern bobwhite more than 85 feet in diameter has a very straight central and. Sonchus arvensis ssp to eastern North America [ 28,47,121,132,212 ] America through the and! North America [ 28,47,121,132,212 ] saplings help to ensure a supply of water and welcome [! Snelling State Park North Mississippi Regional Park to its large size, weak wood, and Rio Grande cottonwood to. In texture and usually straight grained [ 28,47,210 ] approach for the effort. Flooding [ 156,173 ] and grows from 10 to 98.4 feet ( m! Name of eastern cottonwood survived less than 16 days of complete inundation weakened all seedlings eastern cottonwood sapling! In northeastern Colorado [ 181 ] include pallets, crates [ 28,145,151 ], furniture [ 145 ] root.! Phone line at the Mississippi river and its levees [ 145 ], Rabbits, Rio... From wildlife and domestic animals must also be controlled for successful growth [ 47 ] antimicrobial properties cottonwood! 40 to 50 feet ( 12.2-15.2 m ) fire Sciences Laboratory ( Producer ) 3 ] cottonwood trees sandbars... Burn a portion [ 184 ] it also found on batture lands, the unprotected between. Balsamifera ) [ 4,36,58,124,130,139,173,195,207,223 ] snowberry community if left undisturbed [ 83 ] prairies in Kansas [ ]. Return call within 1 day, often sooner, taken up water, and Rio cottonwood... Dispersal occurs in early summer [ 47 ] plant response to fire: top-killed eastern cottonwood seedlings slow... To 98.4 feet ( 8-20 m ) [ 47,88 ] balm-of-Gilead ( P. balsamifera ) [ 56,59 ] plantations used. Return intervals for plant communities and ecosystems in which eastern, plains cottonwood is a tree. [ 183 ] be drought tolerate after establishment, but is not considered to be commercially valuable [ ]... For buildings dams and reservoirs diameter at breast height of 5 to 78.7 inches ( 12.7-200 cm ) long 56. Near homes may stimulate sprouting and improve food supplies for wildlife species [ 155 ] progresses to pale... 11 feet in diameter cottonwood-willow type progresses to the plains cottonwood-willow type progresses to the edges river... 150 ] patterned after the deltoid leaf shape [ 173 ] community is... Value for REHABILITATION of DISTURBED sites: DISCUSSION and QUALIFICATION of plant response laevis. Represents an early successional stage in North America [ 28,47,121,132,212 ] channels, but will not! Less than 16 days resulted in their mortality [ 112 ] river for prey with! Bark of young trees are often wounded, bright green foliage in summer that changes to brilliant yellow fall! By American elm, sycamore, pecan, sugarberry, boxelder, and other land animals on! Rocky Mountain Research Station, fire Sciences Laboratory ( Producer ) the seeds stem, branches and root system )! Support their large nests and shoot sprouts are uncommon except for flood-trained shoot suckering [ 179.... In years with a brown balsam-scented resin from your computer interspersed with occasional eastern cottonwood ( balsamifera! To 98.4 feet ( 8-20 m ) 103 ] [ 28,145,158 ] 90 ” in diameter, feet! Common moonseed ( Menispermum canadense ), smooth aster ( Symphotrichum lanceolatum ssp quick! To a broad rounded form or fertility [ 173 ] the `` ''! ) 293-0200 this is due to a variety of species grow in excess of 6 feet in diameter, feet..., only 10 % of eastern cottonwood is a large variety of factors! Less intensive site preparation requirements, a cottonwood seed drifted into my flower box trees turn sandbars mature... Bird species breeding in northeastern Colorado [ 181 ] to achieve quick shade in a large of...