The pro-monarchic texts (9.1-19; 11.1-11, 15) are usually seen as early; and the anti-monarchic texts (7.3-17; 8; 10.17-27; 11.12-14; 12) as late. 5 0 obj stream •Pro: The Dtr editing of Judges has been viewed as a pro-monarchic (particularly pro-Judahite/pro-Davidic) document. In fact, the understanding of the gods and language referring to them was drawn from the political system of kingship and is reflected in biblical references to God as king. *10.17-27: Samuel rebukes people for requesting king despite the fact that YHWH led them out of Egypt. There was considerable continuity between Israelite culture and its neighbors. Compares king (i.e. It is valuable to gain an overall view of the exodus of Israel from Egypt and their wanderings in the wilderness, their covenants with God, their conquest of Canaan, the reigns of the judges and the birth of the kingdom of Israel, the golden age of the great King David, and the division of Israel … 7؆u G��H�F��T���>�Ȉ"e�u��e6��C�E%�Uu�b�"�a�AW+ִQG����&Uq&zvQ�_mФ� d���g����d�T�����ͳ.�!�8�N�� *12: Samuel rebukes people for requesting king like King Nahash of the Ammonites. He was the father of Solomon and united the tribes of Israel. He established a full-blown kingdom by capturing territory and by setting up more royal offices. This is traditionally dated between 1047 BCE and 930 BCE. Hauer, Coote and Whitelam, and Otto underline the importance of a combination of internal and external pressures. The date of Judges 8 & 9 has been brought to question. •Pro:  *9.1-19: YHWH speaks to Samuel that he should anoint Saul as king who will save Israel from Philistines. When God tells Samuel, Israel’s judge, to anoint a king for Israel according to their demands with the words “they have not rejected you, but they have rejected me from being king over … After David, his son, Solomon, ruled over Israel in a despotic manner; he had international ties. Between the 10th and 7th centuries BCE, ancient Israelite and Judean religion took place in cultic and temple contexts. <> This is a tabular list of the Kings of the Kingdom of Israel. !�~$i�+�eOģ�)C!_�f�7r:�k��N.+�F�U��ܴ{�,4��T�v[e��ϑ�,Zy�Չ�_`q�I�T��2]9�M��Z`i]�],���R�-�_�^���^�~K�TnY�n��.�+wf3X�2��|���~��œC �>v�1T����Vtm��Q�'���whf(��k{+�&)v�|`�ʊS:�"�8 �A�dX9��i���_�]D#c Not only was there was no king of Israel: there was also no land of Israel. 3 0 obj �~�~�{?��W� ���L�ݶ�Ņ� � ͛F��e�,"�C�@Uu�O-�6��R�� 6�E\-��o%6�>��SֺL�_B�Z��'�r���9�, �Q��Y�L�& �V46�H��Gd>%!�;��o�V���p���D�;�bK�o0j�s�7_0�c3�]M�;(��)H�3.�)��Y�(3��S��{4���S�����2ٚ��5fSܚ�)A*��$HR�?i��t6����ݚ���^���a������Fikޅ6�>��9�|/=����is݆���%���/�Pܕ)�6� Ԙ���Lf�bC.�Կ/���ݺ�۳��� ��0,�� 1�� ���;ڰO{��@h��}{��|n�Eɺ*���~�#}��.����J�Ĝ��7�K6���&�A�ڴ�k�� "��T�־����N��Y�|2A�o�+΍���M It was meant neither to be hereditary nor permanent. *11.1-11, 15: Spirit of God comes upon Saul and he delivers Jabesh Gilead from Ammon. Even so, the deity being worshiped, usually Yahweh, was understood to be physically present in the temple, have a body, and be a personal god with emotions and willpower. David appointed various officials: over the army, recorder, priests, over the Cherethites and Pelethites, secretary, over forced labor (2Sam 8:16-18; 20:23-26). He emphasizes continuity with the charismatic leadership of the judges, as opposed to the dynastic kingship of David and Solomon designated by the term melek. E.) Solomon (imperial despotism and cultic accomplishment; international relations): 10th cent. UT-Austin Hebrew Bible Comps Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. [L�&iEH\H����āF�4�3ݽp�c��3�=� ���v���!�#Ʀ2`��c�\����6��v�3������oTlDWG�a�(�Hj>���|7=H��>8{Af��40�V����Ae;� �YS. Israel is located in the central highlands and was circumscribed by city-states (Philistine, Midian, and Amalek) (1Sam 8:5 "Appoint a king to lead us, such as the other nations have."). He withdrew from the crowds because they would not have understood His Kingship. This points to an administration with a small nucleus of state officials (Carol Myers). The issue here is not whether kingship in itself was right or wrong for Israel. •Full-fledged kingdon, rising international power (Aram, Syria), hereditary kingship, royal cult (bring Ark of Covenant to Jerusalem; 2Sam 6). f��N�K����P�m���~W���v��6�����Q��D޴{׬Q�41$�^��q|�F�x�o(��*�E����r�����F]�FH���0��gH���j{� �;B���ZrE�g����8�d fE,n�T��8>���7σ�a��V]���.Yd��D�@��G�Slbs�(j����;�QѥD�I! 8�-��zTY�%IgNjl����2���e���3X!x>��{Hu����6�Z��z���%>�.�������F�ųkx�m�� e�B��Ջe"ԮB�=9�[�����To�Z32�*L�c�cBN����#�e�X�Ĭ� ���t��n����SqxcM�q��'��vp\̤��{�Nr����.���{��k���?�3r4�.d�{��p�.El̡�~��Nx�Ƅ:�E?��#�]�oZA��R�� Our Lord conceals His Kingship not to mislead us but to purify our understanding of it. The History of the Kings of Israel and Judah was characterized by their constant disobedience to God; only a handful of kings were faithful and whenever a disobedient king rose to power, he led the whole … • In the biblical traditions which relate to the introduction of kingship into Israel, Saul is anointed by Samuel as nagid over Israel (1 Sam 9:16; 10:1). The story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba is the final part in a series of articles about the Ancient Kingdom of Israel. Understanding kingship is essential when reading the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. • Leadership was achieved not by heritage, but by charismatic personality (aka “spirit of Yahweh” camp upon…), • Rule went from competent ruler to competent ruler, without regard to lineage, • local tribe leaders delivered Israel from neighboring enemies, • Othniel (nephew of Caleb); Ehud (killed Eglon); Deborah (and Barak), • Gideon: at end of his life, people ask him to set up dynasty; he refuses, but his son Abimelech (“my father is king”=Is God or Gideon the “father”?) endobj •International connections: Queen of Sheba; temple for daughter of Pharoah; many foreign wives. •Solomon's policies cause split in kingdom. !��&q� $ But the event drew criticism at home. The observation that pro-monarchic texts exist in the Bible weakens the textual basis for arguing the foreignness of monarchy to Israel. *1Sam 8: People request king "like the other nations." As population grew, there was need for higher agricultural output, which made difficult by the nature of terrace and orchard cultivation. King Herod, who ruled Judea under the Romans, clearly understood that the Messiah the Jews expected was to be another king and thus a rival to himself. stream A.) ���ώ����o��(. Scholarship debate whether the Biblical texts are pro-monarchic or anti-monarchic. There is a certain irony in the Solemnity of Christ the King. However, Philistine dominance threatened Israelite growth. 5�Q��i�Ǫ��G�����2�0/5з��,�;QTD���!jʑP�I�F�m9��Ѿ��R|"��k�0�C ��A��9~|��v�Y.Id��^�[]�so�����!Y=#?�X�0��BI����������ژp��=/�O[�v V��?Bx@*T:ꇦ��tp�a�����DN���0L�i�G�_3�қQb� �!Q�u�j&�,g\�a�yJ2B�L �xJ�ߵ=E�����2�_!����� IԷ7� +��QX�a����D�D�1�d����|�l��Û�(�i����=�}���:�a^�1��~̡��w�6�t������f�a5�%�l~{O�lL�"�O�T$�������KW��T�%6��տ�0̳3fEp�P�h���m������'N�3X���֓(Ѣ�������a�%�$�~3+d?��b棦�x�����vM5.r��Q9�G�A����!��5�c�yIF�L8�o���t�;�C�����ꊿ�<4�k���B4�G��cw���a�yv�A���pY��Z��(G���Ɲ-T�FMH}��(Z�"�~�a�#x�P[��M8�O\>O�:�߷i+����7YT�s'7�^4-Qx���t�%�a� ��pE')I���w��rD�V������ �R��9�OK&K�`�a^����mo5�_̄�;���Ѩ�^2�k�r��\����o���1���Ҩ����0�жN��a�˕(�8�Q�e�N>�f4֟v&�v�X͑(t?,Q�0/I�K��(�a����#�G;�4jԋAk̖�m3)Qg$Q��v���>�a;TH4��F�:�����}}h�z�(�a�债s� When there was disorder and political anarchy, the phrase “there was no king in Israel…” suggests a promonarchic perspective (17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25). Some texts seem to support kingship while others condemn it. The primary evidence for David’s … Next was the nagīd (Saul) who was was also a type of a charismatic leader of a chiefdom but was also the first king; he developed an army and set up certain offices. The Rights and Duties of Kingship in Israel. Jesus Christ is precisely this king: the Davidic king, and … In contemporary scholarship the united monarchy … Dynastic kingship was a basic tenet of ANE kingships, so Israel also probably had dynastic kingship from the start (Ishida; Buccellati). The thesis of kingship as a defensive response to Philistine threat and the notion that (Saul’s) kingship was not to be permanent finds biblical support. The refrain "there was no king in Israel" is a constant reminder that anarchy takes place when a good king is not in control. idea of sacral kingship in Israel primarily of the third type, with king considered agent of God, but idea of king … *(Anti-monarchic texts are taken to be late.). x���n���݀���$`ќ��l'�������h� S��[KNE9���=��7�S�g;�u\��{wy;�t$�?.6� ,6��h: fW���3)XlT��?�bdI�S �|}~v�i�X*�z�{~\�΃����9��0'2�{8?c����8M ����O�������0����s~v}w���qgI�ph#c���X��řC�C�YE"��4,#~�&�H��`)��`��h"h�cĘ��Ùm���>��3������ �E��6W\阫Wo�)����"/��b���^Q�y� �6��/��g��p�t����M.����Rh�2��wZ�`L�����b.�m��[�}/�"�h… ������pUy(��M��� •Richter’s extensive treatment (1965) concluded that the term underwent a complex development: it was originally a pre-monarchic title for a military leader and denoted a position quite distinct from melek. ��h3ac� FcU[EsZ�P��-ɍ�몑.� Discuss the history of the concept of kingship in Israel from the period of the judges to the reign of Solomon. �rDS�(pI�?��ְrS�[��-ݞ��^�)If�N'�~H0Ж�*��9B[��ik��݉��>. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The Judges (charismatic leaders): 13th-12th cent. dead kings & queens often deified, joining the pantheon of the gods, in a form of ancestor worship (e.g., Julius Caesar, Augustus, Livia, etc.) �0��d�׷K�'0�f��?o���t���،�;]��J �-S��b�yq��8��)��uކ��h�c*�#��� C. Other Factors that may have caused the rise of kingship: 1) Anthropological models have been used to challenge the assumption that the Philistine pressure alone was responsible for the monarch-response. D.) David (dynastic king "melek": centralized, hereditary, military leadership): late 11th cent. However, as L. E. Stager has noted, there existed egalitarian villages outside of pre-monarchic Israel. Albrecht Alt argued that Israelites were originally pastoral nomads (shasu?) • Saul's capital at Gibeah. The story of King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba is the final part in a series of articles about the Ancient Kingdom of Israel. Then was the "melek" (David) who established a hereditary dynasty. Perhaps the pro-monarchic material was before the Exile (Joshiah's time) and the anti-monarchic material was exilic or post-exilic (Noth; Collins). Mount Zion has an eternal dwelling place for YHWH. ���d5JߔkTVT�/�E�`�0��=/��x�b�`��&�(�>y�b��A�Fv��/�Fu���)mg��f�n)�4V� The monarchy in Israel has its basic roots in the initial theocracy under God. If the “peasant revolt” hypothesis of Israelite origin is true, monarchy would be an alien concept to the very essence of Israelite identity. Appointed priestly office (1Sam 14.3, 18) for his staff (1Sam 21.9). (iii) The people's demand challenged the kingship of God over Israel. In contemporary scholarship, the united monarchy is debated, due to a lack of archaeological evidence for it. �m��}�f�f�].� f��F�G"K����}�0/J�n����>���Y�}x2 u�8�,�0̫���\�n��M�%����g����_���E*Cߺ���q����a�u�WF��/�f�h�p�[��A�� The Persian king Cyrus sends the Israelites back to Jerusalem to rebuild their temple (2 Chron 36:22-23), which they indeed do (Ezra 1-6), but Israel never attains anything near the glories of the monarchy under King … First, human monarchy is not God’s first choice for the governance of Israel. The earliest mention of the word \"Israel\" comes from a stele (an inscription carved on stone) erected by the Egyptian pharaoh Merneptah (reign ca. In short, we celebrate today the very title that our Lord Himself avoided. Saul's rulership), but pro-kingship in general; Judges 19 is clearly pro-kingship, but anti-Saul! This article is an overview of the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel as well as those of its successor states and classical period kingdoms ruled by the Hasmonean dynasty and Herodian dynasty. Many people may have been intrigued by the fact that the characters and … •Mettinger (1976: 151–84), who offers a thorough review of previous literature, suggests that it was originally a secular term for the “crown prince” designated by the reigning king; its theological use as a divine designation came later. Identify influences that may have played a role in shaping Israelite thought on the subject. It seems that kingship in Israel arose almost simultaneously as in Edom, Moab, and Ammon. 37 And all the people, and all Israel understood that day that it was not the king's doing, that Abner the son of Ner was slain. The notion that the monarchy was an institution alien to Israel arose from the combination of Alt’s thesis that kingship was the result of external, Philistine threat and interpretations of the biblical material as anti-monarchic (e.g., Westermann sees brothers’ response to Joseph’s dreams as anti-monarchic material, Gen 37). And this was important; for "a king is an advantage to a land with cultivated fields" (Ecclesiastes 5.8). •Saul's failed leadership leads to the rejection of his kingship by Samuel and YHWH. One might read anti-monarchic texts with T. Ishida as contemporaneous with pro-monarchic sentiment. <>>> endstream God says the people rejected "me as king over them". •Executes likely contenders for throne and their supporters (Adonijah, first-born of David; Joab, general of David, supporter of Adonijah; Shimei, of house of Saul; banishes Abiathar the high-priest). appoints himself king from Shechem; rule returns to judges after Abimelech (Judg 9), • Jephthah: appointed judge b/c he’s good in military; he is otherwise illegitimate  child, B.) When Israel begins to long for a new David, the true David and true king of the world, we witness the longing for God. ��I눥*6pvW���?E�ك�83RV�v}�gq �/K@���`�5��������w�g�"ʸu�s�i�tg� By its serene, serving life Israel could portray hope for a blessed future for peoples of all nations who joined them in faith, obedience, and service to God, thus bringing glory to the cosmic King. Although the kings did upon rare occasions prophesy (1 Sam 10:10) … Saul establish standing army (1Sam 13.2). The solution was a move toward centralization: the concentration of labor and organization of resources for long-term investment. II. The important and complex narrative of 1 Sam 7-15 contains a mixture of pro- and anti-monarchic texts. Saul’s kingship, then, was a defensive response to the Philistine threat. He then asked the chief priests and scribes "where the Christ was to be born" so he could eliminate the threat to his power ( Matthew 2:3-16 Matthew 2:3-16 [3] When Herod the king … •Ishida (1977: 50) rejects the view that it was originally a title for the charismatic war leader in the pre-monarchic period. �����;j��Fh�E�D�i�»*Ɠ�k�a����T�2�������R��9���Cf۸z1:B-K��!q�*E>�t�a�eA���Ŏ�~u:�l:��E�Nh������ˁQ�����8�0̫���!� ���I��� &���u~9N��k*9�;�; Saul). ��AU�1UD�ٜ�@�������_�]�0���z>}���������%��+�`�Gl˴�b멡�(Ro�_Oi��B�n��؝�a�i�\����H駰� 5)��g�Ќ����W������Y| ��obw��x �a�'������ܺ��Y}���y$��ிE���;TNb�ŷ#!L��� The Sheikhs and the King to be have understood this eventuality. •Administration was more sophisticated than during Saul's reign. 1 0 obj Kingship in Israel and other ancient … 4 0 obj They may not reflect an early anti-monarchic sentiment. endobj %PDF-1.5 Samuel (just before the rise of the kingship), • In 1 Samuel, Eli’s sons are supposed to follow their father’s rulership; so, there seems to be an attempt at at hereditary rule; but they die (but this was priestly in nature), • Samuel’s sons too were appointed as judges; but people ask Samuel to bypass his sons and give them a king, (Assumption is that judge-rulership became hereditary), C.) Saul ("nagīd" charismatic military leadership): 11th cent. When the crowds went to make Him King… ;�1ü6�7!%��t�4oGɀL]�y����@[i�0 Sc#�(��n��7�� �a�8S�� ��V�����?Y.�\�h( C~ endobj The United Monarchy is the name given to the Israelite kingdom of Israel and Judah, during the reigns of Saul, David and Solomon, as depicted in the Hebrew Bible. Abimelech) to a bramble tree. • Saul is a continuation of the office of judge (Alt). At issue was the kind of kingship Israel desired, and her reasons for wanting a king. Therefore Israelite kingship did … They were expected to observe his covenant and laws, to defend the nation … Israel is not like other nations with a central hereditary ruler––only God is king. The kings of Israel and Judah were believed to serve as Yhwh ’s agents to rule the nation. • Anti: Gideon refuses to become king; only Yahweh is king (Judg 8:22-3). (vii) The king would also introduce slavery in Israel. Summary: Kingship in Israel started with non-hereditary charismatic leaders (judges-samuel). Furth… G od began His plan to establish the nation of Israel with the call of Abraham and the making of the Abrahamic Covenant. All this was a policy of centralization. Built temples for foreign gods; married foreign women. Even David married Michal, daughter of Saul, in an effort to get in to the family of the king (i.e. The notion that the monarchy was an institution alien to Israel arose from the combination of Alt’s thesis that kingship was the result of external, Philistine threat and interpretations of the biblical material as anti-monarchic … Instead he concludes that it denotes the “king designate” of Yahweh. Samuel states that people "rejected God who saves them from their calamities.". Parameters include their number in the list of kings, the length of their reign, the cause of their reign's end and notable actions they performed. •Saul's son is not a successor as king; but, David does marry Michal (daughter of Saul), so it seems the kingship was hereditary already in Saul's time. These villages range from Ammon to Moab and even into Edom. •Double set of military officials: over the army and of the Cherethites and Pelethites. �a�VV�'�r3?X��^��w��"�A��}�D�l�%�m��}z�($�o�3��� Ǹ?|k'��� �yw[W���BGt��0̍����ܒ��0B(�<1��tZj�T~�[�������8��bU��]5�R�[h�(�aJ�u��ԓ� �����E�]ڳ������Z^� ^J����p/� •Pro/Anti: 13-14: Saul has military success but disobeys priestly ordinances (unlawful sacrifice) and is reject by YHWH. David, second king of ancient Israel and an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. @_��R\[v�"R10��"�7�N���v,B a���S�;�‰!z/�ȀDڞڶvQ�(�(���l�n��aG#[w����Da-�2���^���k��G�,Ym�J\xz)�����n� CH�m����W�$W[�.��=���E�,kb���Kfh��)˟~�XV[�H�ɝ����q��E�zl�Ko]8��f�d%�e�������ȯ�Qvk�ۆ� Organized in chronological orders of their reigns. • Assumption in Judges is that Yahweh is leader, and He raises whomever he wishes to fight battles. Many people may have been intrigued by the fact that the characters and … King will exploit the people; other dangers of king listed. Fifth, within … With each successive political or religious leader, Israel came closer and closer to a true monarchy but was … Introduction. These passages can be read as anti-"bad" kingship (i.e. 37. all the people and all Israel] Not only David’s own subjects in Judah, but the people of the northern kingdom, who must have been specially aggrieved by the murder of their hero, recognised the sincerity of David’s grief, and acquitted him of all complicity in the act.If, as seems probable (2 Samuel 3:26), Joab had abused the king… •Anti: *1Sam 7.3-17: Samuel is a good judge; prays to YHWH, and YHWH "thunders" form heaven and destroys Philistines. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. �p5 •Cult was syncretistic. �-k�0C���V]=�fy�he�7v�8�Q����F��ޓ��(���4*��B�F1�HNo{� Although the many Jewish and Christians traditions suggest that Yahweh was the main and only deity through all Israelite and Judean religious history, archaeology, inscriptions, and the Hebrew Bibleitself indicate otherwise. *Whether Israel was anti- or pro- monarchy affects the question of whether kingship was alien to Israel or not! It is generally accepted that a "House of David" existed, but many believe that David could have only been the king or chieftain of Judah, which was likely small… The books of Judges and Samuel demonstrate that Philistine threat was a major concern during the time of the judges (Samson) and early monarchy (Saul, David). 38 The king also said to his servants: Do you not know that a prince and a great man is slain this day in Israel… They first needed to learn that what they thought made for kingship … Most of its authors knew no other political system and it influenced their work greatly. •Establishes hereditary kingship. •Cross (CMHE, 220–21), following an earlier suggestion of Albright, appeals to the Aramaic Sefire inscriptions for his view that nagid means commander. In fact, 1 Sam 11.1-15 (his rallying the sons of Israel and the men of Judah in defense of Jabesh Gilead) is usually understood to preserve the most authentic account of Saul’s rise to kingship, which is a pro-monarchic passage. Jotham's Fable (Jgs 9) is a anti-monarchic. •The important and complex narrative of 1 Sam 7-15 contains a mixture of pro- and anti-monarchic texts. The relationship between Israel and the church in the New Testament is not always easy to discern, but it can be understood if we remember the differences between national Israel and true Israel in both the … The prophets, indeed, refrained from referring to kings as kings (melakhim), but rather referred to them as negidim, roughly translated as high commissioners; in other words, God's commissioners to lead His … David Mourns for Abner … 36 And all the people heard, and they were pleased, and all that the king did seemed good in the sight of all the people. BCE - early 10th cent BCE. (v) The king would recruit Israelite sons forcefully into the army. Scholars Debate whether Israel was initially pro- or anti- monorchy. The elders of Israel asked Samuel to give … *11.12-14: "Who is Saul that he should rule over us" is Israelite sentiment. The inscription mentions a military campaign in the Levant during which Merneptah claims to have \"laid waste\" to \"Israel\" among other kingdoms and cities in the Levant. God’s goal in making the covenants was for Israel … endobj https://utexashb-comps.fandom.com/wiki/Kingship_in_early_Israel?oldid=4263. He responded enigmatically to Pilate because that ruler had no ability to grasp the truth. Kingship emerged because the clans of Israel was not able to deal with the threats of surrounding peoples, particularly the Philistines. •Chief accomplishment was cultic: he built the temple! %���� (iv) Their demand was seen as a rejection of God as their unseen king and leader. The reasons for the emergence of kingship within Israel is primarily tied to the Philistine threat. The Hebrew Bible claims that the Jewish people fled Egypt as refugees arriving (with some d… 2i����k���^gg�R�ouA�Ip.��/^ڤT�q ��;e҉�U�hYB蚈���!�0�_C���]yj���K$_��M� j�. Israel hailed the meeting as “historic and a huge breakthrough”. Saul is made king by people and Israelites rejoice. •Davidic Covenant (2Sam 7): eternal decree of YHWH to David and his descendants that his throne will rule. ֵ�/����F��)������i�lݹ��������$�4��9����2�O�L~c��U+T��#K�(V���${ C$:NL�ծ�|�[S���� ����Q����s]�,�K/hU���PX��"6�T�A�G}f���ċ] �ߢ������w��� =��/�~�a~��BA>o>D8`[&��J��L7�Y4�P�KU�j0)���u�:��?�zhC An irony that touches on the subtlety of His Kingship and the purpose of it. The history of Israel cannot be understood apart from a realization that the monarchy was not only historical, but also supernatural. On the succession of Solomon's son, Rehoboam, around 930 BCE, the biblical account reports that the country split into two kingdoms: the Kingdom of Israel in the north and the Kingdom of Judah in the south. The meaning of the noun nagid has proven to be particularly elusive and engendered a long yet inconclusive debate. 2) The theory that Israel was originally an egalitarian society, in stark contrast to the stratified societies of Canaanite city states, originated with G. E. Mendenhall and N. Gottwald’s thesis that Israelites were Canaanite peasants who revolted against their masters and withdrew into the hill country away from the urban centers. who came to settle in the thinly populated hill country. <> BCE. BCE, • There was no king in Israel (17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25), • Judges were military leaders (not “judges” per se). ��&H��&�0�����K� ��׏�i�Fw�w�'hF��f�4��w�wYo7���b��ƌ�>߉����A��ܜ��@!m�s� On the other hand, Gideon names his son "Abimelech" which connotes that Gideon was a king; and Abimelech establishes himself as king, so kingship seems to have its root in the time of the judges! •Exploits Israelites to built temple as the center of Israelite cultic worship! (vi) The king would introduce forced labour in Israel. covenant: The covenants of the Israelite monarchy (1020–587/586 bce) Since early Israel was a religious confederacy of tribes that bitterly rejected the old military chiefdoms and their religious ideology, which elevated a Baal… BCE. His first choice is the Kingship of God, who, because he does not speak to the people directly, uses a prophet … In 1958, The Temple was bombed following Rabbi Jacob Rothschild’s outspoken support for the Civil Rights movement and Dr. King. 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